MOTIVASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
1. Motivation to learn
Motivation is a very important thing in a person's life, it is closely related to a person's behavior, so when an activity is carried out, it should be accompanied by motivation.
a Definition of learning motivation
The word "motivation" comes from the English word " motivation " and is a form of the word " motivation " which means "cause or driving force". [1]
From the point of view of terminology, motivation is the internal energy, drive, reason, will that moves us, the movement is directed to achieve a certain goal. [2]
Clifford T. Morgan in his book "Introduction to Psychology" says: " Motivation is a general term that refers to the state of the body, behavior, and the goals toward which behavior is directed ." [3] Motivation is a general term that refers to the state of the body, the movement and the goal towards which the behavior is directed.
According to Mk. As quoted by Donald, Wasty Soemanto , motivation is a change of energy in the human personality characterized by effective encouragement and response to achieve a goal. [4]
From some of the above considerations, it can be concluded that motivation is what prompts a person to act, where the formation of motivation becomes a real need and is the mouth of action. [5]
According to experts, the concept of learning includes:
Omar Hamalik defines learning as a form of personal development or combustion expressed in new forms of behavior through experience and practice. [6]
Arno F. Wittig says in The Psychology of Learning. " Learning can be defined as any relatively permanent change in an organism's behavioral repertoire as a result of experience ." [7] According to Arno, learning can be interpreted as a relatively permanent act of human behavior resulting from experience.
According to Shaleh Abdul Aziz and Abdulaziz Abdul Majid 's book al-Tarbia and Turukut Tadris , learning is defined as:
Learning is a change in behavior based on already acquired knowledge in the direction of new changes in the heart (soul) of the learner.
In the psychological sense, learning is therefore the process of changing a person's behavior as a result of his interaction with the environment, in addition to satisfying the vital needs of a person. [9]
From some of the above definitions, it can be understood that motivation is the overall driving force of students, which can lead to learning activities, guarantees the continuation of learning activities, and leads to the directions of learning activities, so that students can achieve the desired goals.
B. Motivational aspects
According to Clifford T. Morgan, quoted by Wasty Soemanto, explaining motivation involves three things, both of which are aspects of motivation. These are three things.
1) situations that encourage behavior ( motivational situation );
2) Behavior determined by these conditions ( motivated behavior );
According to Mk. Donald, as quoted by Akyas Acari, formulates three interrelated elements in his definition of motivation, namely:
1) Motivation begins with a change in energy within a person, which is usually called a need. Need, which is the first element of motivation, arises as a result of the student's sense of deficiency. In other words, mistakes usually occur when there is a mismatch between what you feel and what you have.
2) Motivation is characterized by affective drivers. First there was psychological tension, and then an emotional atmosphere that caused astonishment inside. This emotional atmosphere leads to behavior in the form of a motive (impulse) in which there are attempts to eliminate that unhappiness or to satisfy needs. Attachment or reward is therefore the second element of motivation related to directed action/effort.
3) Motivation is characterized by responses to achieve a personal goal motivated to maintain responses to goal attainment. Goals are anything that eliminates needs and reduces needs. This means that achieving goals can attract attention and stop or reduce the actions taken because achieving goals means that their needs are met. [eleven]
From the above three elements, motivation consists of two components: an intrinsic component and an extrinsic component. The internal component is a change that occurs in a person in the form of dissatisfaction or psychological tension. The external component is what a person wants, the goals that a person wants to achieve. Thus, the internal component is the needs that must be satisfied, while the external component is the goal that must be achieved to satisfy these needs. [12]
From this explanation, it can be understood that the motivation of a person (student) to do something (learn) is determined by the presence of three elements that must be present in order to motivate students to learn, that is, need, desire and goals.
WITH: Types of learning motivation
If we talk about the problem of different types of motivation, we can look at it from different points of view. However, in principle, two types are distinguished in terms of the origin or origin and development of motivation in people, namely:
1) intrinsic motivation
In fact, intrinsic motivation is a state within a person (student) that motivates, prompts, or prompts students to do something, that is, to learn.
Experts define intrinsic motivation as follows:
A) According to Ivor K. Davis, intrinsic motivation refers to factors that come from within, perceived both in the task itself and in the students. [13]
B) According to Sumadi Suryabrata, intrinsic motivation is motivation that operates without the need for an active or external stimulus. [14]
WITH) According to Soetomo, intrinsic motivation is the desire to act when the goal to be achieved is within oneself. [15]
D) According to Ahmad Rohani and Abu Ahmadi, intrinsic motivation is the motivation that originates within a person. That is, students learn because they find the learning itself meaningful (it can be useful). [16]
In addition, Sardiman AM believed that intrinsic motivation involves two things, such as:
A) Know what you will learn and
B) Find out why it's worth learning.
A learner without understanding these two things will find it difficult to succeed in learning activities. In other words, they will not benefit from the learning activities they follow from the teacher. A better understanding of these two things also means understanding the purpose of learning. Thus, intrinsic motivation is the state of students that motivates, encourages and excites students to learn.
2) extrinsic motivation
A student's motivation to learn does not necessarily come from within the student, but there are times when a student's desire to learn comes from an external drive, usually called extrinsic motivation.
Common definitions of extrinsic motivation include:
A) According to Nasution, he expressed his opinion about extrinsic motives, that these goals are external to the act, that is, they do not exist in the act itself. [17]
Based on the three ideas presented above, it can be concluded that extrinsic motivation can be defined as everything and conditions that come from the outside of a person (student) that stimulate and encourage his enthusiasm and enthusiasm and the desire to always be diligent in studies with courage. It is hoped that during teaching and learning, teachers will always try to motivate children in various ways, including:
A) create a positive learning environment
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