SEJARAH PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA MASA RASUL DAN KHALIFAH

High moral formation is the main goal of Islamic education. The scholars have had noble moral values, absorbed fadhilah into the human soul, accustomed them to clinging to high morals and avoiding disgraceful things. The Knowledge of the Age of the Apostles and the Caliphs of something that paled the justice of a world bleated. Scholars who do charity are the inheritors of the Prophets. By means of knowledge and charity as well as good deeds, spiritually they raise the status of the Supreme Creator, namely Allah SWT. 

Islamic education prioritizes spiritual and moral aspects, so the aspects of mental, physical, mathematics, social sciences and majors-practice education are not simply ignored, insofar as this education is a complete education and is taught to be zamu called zamu the scientific dictionary itself. At the time of the Apostles, they already had braids in various aspects, for example silimani, literature and material, but they had not yet reached the high spiritual and moral highs like those taken by the Miasa Muslims. 

Educational Institutions During the Age of the Apostles and Khalifa 

Dafael The reasons that arise for the maintenance of knowledge, which is meant to be religious obligations, one thing that is certain is that the verses of the Qur'an en gurana Apostle who have learned learn the great fact, that the main wahboly rial dimanda da nalata will be in daji and since decades patama Islamic history, as a large Islamic institution still can not ekedane from the mosque in ekedane from the mosque

The mosque started as a school function since the second caliph's reign, namely "Umar" who made "speakers" as qashsh for mosques in cities, for example Kufa, Basra, and Damsyik Kornah Moms in baahhir a pusa te bakhandi also who are going to become universities - the First university of the Midgif century, and which would become the model of the university of padropan.

The aim of the maktab, which is still debated in many parts of the Islamic world, is to educate young people with the knowledge of reading and writing, more specifically with religious principles. So the maktab works besides being a center for religious and literary education for the general public, as well as being more hands-on for our study, the level of preparation for langudu and millionic educational institutions.

Bada at this time was Bula, Mankul Kilombok, who studied with Bada's early graduates, and among the most famous, Hakim Rabia Razi, who opened the scientific team at Masjid an-Nabawi, Adabon, his students, Hakim Malik bin Anas Aspahi, “Al Mal Muwatiki and the schools of the Bandir followers . Council of the Ministry of Scholars Saeed bin Al-Musayyib, Urwa bin Al-Zubayr, Salem Mawla bin Omar and Line.De Between the Bilajar Bada Ibn Abbas, Hakim Mujahid (105 H), Saeed bin Jubair († 94 H), Ikrimah Mawla bin Abbas, Taus Al-Yamani, Atta bin Abi Rabah, Samaniyya From Mecca Among the Tabi'in is also al-Hasan al-Basri who studied with Rabi'ah al-Ra'y of Medina, poi returned to Basra who studied from all pelos visited by Islamic State. 

A. Development of Islamic Education Institutions 

When the religion of Islam was revealed by Allah, there were already among the companions who could read well. Then writing and reading is the main place and a strong mother in Islam, sehpa claims to be widespread among Muslims. The verses of the Koran, the first to be sent down, Tila Konsukati for reading and mikejana ipsuman that Mepanda and writing skills are the main means of acquiring knowledge are promised in Islamic melodies. The ability to write and read in the social and political context of Muslims has the ability to avoid panghedan kepatan, since the name of the Prophet Muhammad as a medium of da'wah communication to non-Arabic nations, including writing in hours. During the Khulafaur Rasyidin era, the era of writing and reading was not in scientific communication and varangal science books were promised. Karina Writes, Reads, Listens to Pirlo's Feels, Mca Maktab Various Student Centers, Menolis and Mepaka, Tirutama for Children, Birthmbang with Greatness. Bada Maulania, the beginning of the Birkampangan Islam Maktab Amanah was carried out by the houses of the teachers who were involved and those who taught were Simata-Mata Menolis and Mepka, the hearings that were written or written by Dibaka were Syer-Syer who were well known Paka. 

B. Islamic Education Institutions Prior to the Establishment of Schools 

It's safe to see the Messenger of Allah later on by his friends and companions and also the Muslims, then the more they become rich in the Islamic State and the more mosques are set up to raise their sons and daughters who are panhe in society. During the reign of Umar ibn Khattab, Parsi Nigeria, Siam, Egypt and Siloroh Semiranjung Thana Arabs were conquered, mosques were erected in Samwa Kampung Sias as places of worship and centers for Islamic education. 

The Age of Apostles and Caliphs by the Center for Islamic Education 

That the rise of the Islamic settlement area was accompanied by efforts to spread Islamic roots to its doganing by friends, both those who joined all the embers of tuoman who were sent by ifah by exclaiming slowly by the center of dibatagimanpendir by center after center.

Mahmud Yunus in his book "Cigarettes Benedictine Islam" explains that the Benedictine Center is located in the big cities of Ciberti:

1. City of Mecca Then Medina (Hejaz) 

2. Bushra And Kifah Cities (Iraq) 

3. City of Damascus and Palestine (Siam) 

4. mention Vestat (master). 

At that time, the Bada Madrasah was the ball of God's Temptation, which still resembled a school, just a place for lessons in the form of a khalga from a mosque, a place where the Pertimwan lines were. 

Famous Schools and Their Toku 

1. Mecca school 

The First Judge Teacher Who Manjar In Mecca Muad bin Jabal, Bada Masa Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan (65-86 H). Abdullah Bin Abbas Burji Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Then Zia Al-Munjar Tafsir, Hadith, Jurisprudence, and Literature. Abdullah bin Abbas Adala Pembangon School, Makkah Al-Mukarramah. Among the students of Ibn Abbas who replaced Sibaji, the teacher of the Makkah Madrasa, were Mujahid Ibn Jabbar (an expert on the exegesis of the Koran, whose translation was from Ibn Abbas), Atak Ibn Abu Rabah (expert in al-Fiqh), and Q Tawus Iab (Surangaqus) and the Mufti of Mecca, and suktas were passed on to his pupils as well.

2. Medina School 

Madrasah De Sunila Termeşehir, Karina Khalifa Abu Bakar, Umar and Usman Sirta Many of the Prophet Bula's companions taught. Took Omar bin Al-Khattab Ali bin Abi Talib and Zaid bin Thabit Then Abdullah bin Omar. Zayd bin Thabit is a Surang qirat and fakih expert, Bilia minded the task of re-binoling the Koran, defender of the era of Abu Bakr Atubun Uthman Ibn Affan. While Abdullah bin Omar executed the Hadith people, he was also the pioneer of the Ahl al-Hadith Madzhab which was tyrannical.

About the Ulama friends who died and then glorified their students are: a) Saad bin Al-Musayyib . B) Urwa bin Al-Zubair bin Al-Awan. 

3. skin school 

The most famous friend of de Bishra is Abu Musa Al-Asiyari (Sibaji Expert on Jurist, Hadith and Al-Qur'an). Meanwhile, Anas bin Malik (famous in the science of Hadith), the famous teacher Adala Hasan al-Basari and ibn Sirin. Hasan al-Basri Idl is a surang expert on al-fiqh, an expert on kaisa, Guja is known as a bekir expert and tasawwuf expert. As a pioneer of the Ahl as-Yearnah school of thought in the field of the science of kalam is considered. Ibn Sirin is a Surang Ahly hadith and fiqh who learned directly from Zaid bin Sabit and Anas bin Malik.

4. Kufa school 

These are Kufa Ali bin Abi Talib and Abdullah bin Masoud. Ali bin Abi Talib takes care of politicians and government affairs, tries Abdullah bin Masud as a religious teacher. Ibn Masoud was the official usans of the caliph Umar to become a religious teacher of Kufa. He is an interpreter, expert in fiqh and narrated many traditions of the Prophet, by Among the Turkinal Disciples of Ibn Masud Adala al-Qimma, al-Aswad, Masruq, al-Haris bin Qays and Amr bin Sarabil. This Kufah Madrasah poi gave birth to Abu Hanifah, one of the priests of the sect, which is famous for its use in ra'yu berijtihad.

5. Vesta School (Egypt) 

Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-Aas. He is a hadith expert, he not only memorizes the hadiths that he handed down from the Prophet Muhammad, he also writes them down in sukuk notes, so he doesn't forget to narrate the hadiths to his students. Guru Termchur will be replaced by Hakim Yazid bin Abu Habib al-Habi and Abdullah bin Abu Jaafar bin Rabia. Judge De Among Yazid's Disciples The Most Famous Abdullah bin Lahia and Alis bin Saeed. 

Academic Judgment / Pennambayan Kara 

There is Embat Oranje Abdullah, Who Was Great Jasania In Teaching Elmo Elmo Religion To His Disciple, Yayto:

1) Abdullah bin Umar in Medina 

2) Abdullah bin Masud from Kufa 

3) Abdullah bin Abbas from Makkah 

4) Abdullah bin Amr bin Al-Ash de Messier. 

The friends did not memorize all of the Prophet's treatments and did not see all of his deeds. Diaa Haniya, a fool, will save him. So, Ole Karina Ito, sometimes the Hadiths taught by the Ulama of Medina, Bilum Tinto, are the same as the Hadiths of Makkah, which were taught by the Ulama. Therefore, leharuans have to study abroad for their object of study. For example, Egyptian students visit Medina, Medina students visit Kufa and clearly mention the Hadith of the Prophet:

Seek knowledge, even with age 

Seek knowledge even to China.

Here the nadus piety of the knowledge of the Qur'an and its sunnah teachings. At the beginning of the Koran, the Prophet taught Islam in secrecy. They begin to read the Koran and consider the contents of the verses that are known to Allah in a deliberate way.

The teaching of the Qur'an continued until the Prophet Muhammad and his companions migrated to Medina. In line with that, install the Al-Qur'an Sahabah center to Medina. Memorization and writing of the Qur'an continued until the end of its descent. Hopefully the Al-Qur'an Becomes the Baghayan of Merca Kahiduban. ஸர்டியு to strengthen the Al-Quran in the memorization of the Prophet Muhammad ஜெத்தைட்

Al-Quran is Dilsar Binjaran, Simwa Foundation of Habits That Kilak Will Have. The reason is that everything that is used in youth screams, is rooted deeper than anything else.

Saha at the time of the Rashidun Khulafaur, his lover was still the same at the time of teaching and transmitting the Prophet Muhammad, namely Persema Jajakar Nabi. 

kiss symbol 

The conclusion is that the history of Islamic education by the time of the Apostles and the Rashidun Khulafaur, is a reflection on the cultivation and memorization of the Qur'an. During the time in science, which was not yet fully developed, it was like during the time of his knowledge. It's very easy, that is, by looking at each other between the pedagogist and the pupil, Saha Leajuni is quicker to leave.  

Postal notebook 

Zodiac Muhammad Athija, Fundamentals of Islamic Education, Jakarta : Moon Star, 1970.

Fajar, Abdullah, Civilization And The Culture Of Islam, Jakarta : Rajawali Press, 1991.

Fahmy, Asma Hassan, and Vsalat Bendikan Islam Zigarette, Jakarta : Moon Star, 1979.

Langgulung, Hassan, Islamic Education Facing the 21st Century, Jakarta Bastaka Al Husna 1988.

Victory Syed Hussain, Sens and Development in Islam, Bandung : Publisher Library, 1986.

Zuharini, et al., History of Islamic Education, Jakarta : Bumi Aksara, 1986.

Author: COLLECTION OF PAPERS AND ITEMS

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