MODEL PERADABAN ISLAM [ILMU KALAM]

I.        Predecessor
In Islam, which discusses the issue of God as the basis of Aqidah or wealth, it is called "the science of monotheism", the origin of which is Teos , which means God and Logos , which means Science. So the science of God is the Islamic creed. [1]

The science of Kalam is a science that is calm about the form of God, the qualities that do not exist on it (Rasul). [2]

In the history of utwattan and Islamic history, the origins of the Islamic sciences for the first time had a lot of political background. It will be in the hands of Selakan, political messages become muddled with messages of theology or theology of theology.

These political problems began to arise among the Muslims, ilah masalan sapaihana, who was to be the prophet muhammad in his support as a caliph, because he had never visited him nor was he silazajajacar-. Meanwhile, his position as prophet and rasoul megrah is clearly not replaced by other people, because that right belongs to God absolutely. [3]

II.     discussion

A    Khawarij flow.

The name Khawarij dimildi comes from the origin of the word "khoroja" which means has come out. He meant those people who left the ranks of Ali bin Abi Talib because they did not see his attitude of wanting to avoirdima tahkim (Peace) in the dispute over the caliphate with Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufjan. And selukha uses the motto "La hukma illa lilla"

1.      Understanding and Principles of Teachings.

The khawarij school is a fragment of the language of Ali bin Abi Talib, who separated himself after the shiffin war between Ali and Muawiyah ended with peace. Followers of Ali said that Mu'awiyah's invitation to peacekeeping was not carried out honestly and fairly, but only as a ploy to protect the warang pusadam that was already visible.

Because of their suggestion to meditate on Ali's taxi, those who received 12,000 oranges left the Ali group and had Abdullah bin Wahab Al Rasidi be their imam instead of Ali bin Abi Talib. After they had established the flow of qi, they became enemies with the Ali group and the Muawiya group and adopted the blood and soul of people who had no clear flow. Even Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib was responsible for the khawarij school through the hands of Abd al-Rahman bin Muljam. [4]

Dafam understands and holds divine:

A       The caliph or imam must be freely chosen by all Muslims.

B.      The right to become a caliph is anyone who is confident, as long as he is passionate about Islam.

oppose.       The elected caliph will continue to receive benefits as long as he equates to fairness and violates Islamic law.

D      The caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar were recognized as legitimate because they were divine and did not deviate from Islamic teachings.

e.       Caliph Uthman bin Affan was considered to have deviated starting from the seventh year of the Khalifaniyya and Ali bin Abi Talib was considered to have deviated after leaving Muawiyah.

2.      Sects, People and Teachings.

Within the history of the management of the hawarij flow, it is split into the kesil or sect and ice sects by the shops they adhere to, including:

A       Al-Zarikoh

His character Nafi bin Al Azzak (died 686 AD) [5] . Adjaranna namely:

The term Kafir, the term They Dress with polytheists (musyrik). The sin of shirk is a sin that God cannot forgive. The sin of surik is greater than the sin of kufr. For the al-Zariqoh group, those who are polytheists are not only Muslims who have committed grave sins, but even all Muslims who do not agree with them. In their paraduk, only the orange az-Zariqoh is the orange Islam. People who do not adhere to the ideology of al-Zariqoh are not Orange Muslims, Politics of Tapai People. And they do not hesitate to sue people who are hemiga. [6]

B.      An-Najhaddet.

Her character is Nazhda Amiru. Adjaranna ilah:

1)      The Wrong Person This ijtihad ijtihad can be suksa.

2)      Religion is up to two things, namely knowing Allah and Rasool, if you don't know it it's okay until you remember something clear.

3)      People who are religious until they justify what is unlawful or versana in sax.

4)      Those who lie are more sinful than those who commit adultery or drink alcohol.

oppose.      Al Ibadia.

The figure is Abdullah bin Ibad in Tamimi. [7] They are pale and tolerant of common people. Adjaranna ilah:

They do not realize that Muslims who do not agree with them are polytheists, but are not believers. Mahimahan Muslims are only infidels who still unite God. Major sins do not make people polytheists. But the wound of a grave sin is not mumin either. Most is permissible from Saying Kafir. They divide the disbelievers into two groups, the infidel al-ni'mah , those who do not receive the blessings given by the god, and the infidel al- millah, namely those who leave religion. The term infidel they use for Muslims is ilah in the first sense. Things that do not make people out of Islam. [8]

D      Sufriya.

Ziad bin al-Asfar's shop

Their understanding does not differ from that of the al-Zariqoh group, it is an extreme group. Regarding the Less Extreme Acharan Between Lanes:

1)      Syufriah people who did not emigrate did not see infidels.

2)      They don't mind that almost polytheistic children can be killed.

3)      Not all are worried that people who commit major sins become polytheists.

4)      The areas of the Islamic group that do not agree with them are not areas that must be fought, those that are being fought by the maskars or CAMP Ruler

Mendiya's opinion has Chiri They God:

1)      Taqiah may only be in sinuk deed and not in sinuk deed.

2)      For the sake of their own security, Muslim women may marry infidel men in non-Islamic areas. [9]

B     Sia flow

Ali.

Ali Seineana did not disguise himself as trying to seize the caliphate, he was aware that what actually became the caliph was not because he had gone through the general court and the people's wishes.

1.      The Trees of Adjaranna.

They believed that it was the Imam who wanted to cause the death of the Prophet Ilah Ali, Ali who was the best and inherited all the hellish delights of the Prophet, even Ali was infallible and infallible from Kelahtah. [ten] And the legitimacy of the imam or caliph if our namadat or geungdat is by the prophet himself and then by his beluta priests sequentially, based on the text and visayah (will) given by the previous priest. By megham, Shia adhere to legitimacy rights based on God's holy rights (Divine Right) . And that every priest who has been prayed to by the priest next to him is infallible, preserved from sin and a special Conductima anorudah in the form of miracles and supernatural powers. [eleven]

After Ali, the caliphate was still hereditary to his children, and this was supposed to be God's decree. In the telikari berukan, the caliphate also arose, because ali had children hassan and husain, and each of them had several sons, a dispute arose over who the caliphate fell and the alibu dali'ahran was born. [12]

2.      Sect Figures and Teachings.

A       Al-Imamiyah.

Also called Al-Isna Asyariyah or Rafidhah.

The main points of the teachings:

1)      That Ali bin Abi Talib was the caliph who looked after the Prophet, who was approved by the Prophet himself with a clear explanation. One of the texts is: "Whoever my brother (the Prophet) desecrates, then also Ali desecrates him" (Turmuzi, Jus 13, Hal: 175).

2)      They eat the "twelve priests" who are successive to each other from berukenu Ali and Fatima, so they follow the "twelve" group.

3)      They are infallible of "Infallibility", of Mahdi, and of the coming of the last Imam. [13]

B.      Az-Zaidiya

Its leader is named Ziad bin Zainul Abidin bin Al-Hasan bin Ali, this understanding is purest than the others. This group does not believe in contradictory traits or qualities that are compatible with Ali, such as Paramatang that Ali's attributes are with Divine qualities.

oppose.       Al-Ismailia.

This understanding goes back to his imam Ismail bin Jafar Ash Shadik, this understanding collects his teachings. In nine levels, the first level starts from the movements of Islamic teachings. [14]

oppose.     Murgian stream.

1.      Definition and Pocock Adjaranna

Almost Murji'ah in Kamili collided because of regretful politics, strictly speaking, regretted the caliphate. [15] This flow emerged in Damascus at the end of the first century Hijriyah. This group is called Murji'ah because the lafazh means delay or vehtein. [16] Their penchant for not being self-reliant in Bahrain is limited among the people

Later, due to political issues after the death of Uthman bin Affan, the science of Murjia was born in the middle of nowhere and was replaced by Ay bin Abi Talib. [17] The conflict between the Khawarij and Siya, even between them against the Umayyads, caused the Muslim community to be dissatisfied with the condition of the Murjia people. [18]

And celetah became a political stream, starting with discussions on matters of God, the results of daliya were in line with the political direction he espoused. The discussion which is ilah about faith, believers and kufr. [19]

Qaum Khawarij imposes infidel laws on people who commit major sins while Murjia mumin laws hardly fall. Familiar with the grave sins that they have committed, and their future destiny until the end of the day, on the grounds that these people still have two creeds which are the main basis of faith, faith is the main issue of slavery. [20]

2.      Sects, Tokhs and Adjarannia

The Murji'ah flow is divided into streams, including:

A       Yunusiya.

The character is the god Yunus bin Aun Annamiri who believes that faith is the god of knowing God, submitting to obedience, and possessing the qualities of pride and love in the heart. Whoever commits the deed is a person of good faith, immoral immorality or evil ecbojana does not subvert the faith sign.

B.      As-Sahiliyah.

The character is Abu Hassan as Sahili. His opinion is that the priest ilah knows God and kufr ilah does not know God, in the sense that prayer is not worship to Allahu, because what fulfills worship is ilah faith in Him in the sense of knowing God.

oppose.       Al Ubaidia

The character is the god Ubaid Al Maktaab, he says that apart from shirk being forgiven, if he dies in faith, his sins and evil deeds that are mighty will not be reprehensible to those who are besahtup. So many or few evil deeds do not mean Siyarang's faith.

D      Assaubania

The figure is the god Abu Syauban Al Murjii. His opinion that the faith of the divine knows Allah and His Messengers which is reasonable can be seen and if it is not reasonable it is a punishment because it is not your faith. This means that the faith of the god sosayan with reason and charity does not interfere with faith. [21]

D    Kodyara Flow.

This flow emerged around the year 70H, which was pioneered by Mabad al-Juhani al-Bisri and Gaylan al-Dimsiki. Its emergence in Iraq during the reign of Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan.

This flow holds that humans have absolute absolute control over themselves and all their deeds. With his own will and self-preservation, man can do good and bad with no other means of his own. The basis of this fikarin is divine, tearing away rewards and shiksha, those who do good will receive rewards and those who commit sins will receive shiksha. This cannot be done if human actions are not typed with full responsibility for all their actions. This stream has many aspects of stress with the mu'tezilah school and is very much in contact with the teachings of the Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah. [22]

e     Jabaria flow

Faham Jabariya is the successor of Al-Jad bin Dirham (VIII century AD) and Jahm bin Safwan (died 131 H). According to the Jabariyah ideology, human actions are carried out by God in humans. In this understanding, humans do not have the will and power to explain their actions. According to Jabariyah, humans are like wayang puppets who don't want to bake if they don't have the puppeteer cast them. If in the Qdariyah understanding in human liberation, in the Jabariyah understanding humans are not liberation liberation. All of his deeds have been according to God since the beginning. [23]

This flow is also a means of thought as giving:

1.      Heaven and hell are not eternal, only God is eternal.

2.      Allah is not allowed to describe the characteristics of humility with feathers.

3.      Allah cannot see the future in the hereafter.

4.      Al-Quran is the word of Allah which He made (hadith or new)

This group received a disturbance by the point of the clergy, because this Jabariyah understanding is a tribute, and a setback for Muslims, because human understanding does not have the slightest intention. [24]

P      Mutazilah flow.

The Mu'tezilah school is the largest and oldest Islamic school of thought, which has had very taboo subjects in the world of Islamic philosophy education. The Mutezilah school was born more or less in the second century Hijri in wasteful Basra. [25]

The Hardly Mu'tezilah are a group that has more theological problems and philosophical language than the problems discussed by the Khawarij and Murji'ah. In their spiciness they use so much reason that they have earned the name "almost irrational Islam".

The given name Mutezil was originally associated with the events that took place in Basra between Wasil ibn Atta and his companions Amr ibn Ubayd and Hasan al-Basri. Wasil always always taught the lessons that Hassan al-Basri had taught at the Mosque of Basra, one day a nobleman came to see his stupa as a large man. When Hasn al-Basri was still, Wasil masabar his own sword with a wing: "I agree that people who have great sins are nakhini mumin and not infidels, tepai pozizi dinaraan tehhera: not mumin and not." mosque in front of Hasan al-Basri. san he kekkeris paramattnya paramattnya back. On this occasion, Hasan al-Basri said: “Wasil mujakakan ourselves ( I'tazala'anna) ”. So he brought his friends, which as-Syahrastani called the Mutezil community. [26]

1.      Faham and Pocock Adjaranna.

The Mu'tezilah school is a group which is based on rational principles for the basic principles of religious enrichment. This attitude of rationalism is very equated, where they glorify the brilliance of the mature mind rather than the naughty proposition (revelation).

Share this post