PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK

In this sense of moral education, we will first examine the concept of education and the concept of morality.

Etymologically, the definition of education is made by experts. John Dewey can meet with manager M. Arif , who is the best option in this process. [1]

Education is primarily a conscious effort to mature the potential of human nature so that, as it matures, it can change according to the anger it has suffered and take responsibility for the past. Maturity is here intended to illustrate the optimum level of development reached by any potential human nature. [2]

Education in Islam was originally called the word "ta'dib" . The word Taadib means higher understanding and includes all the elements of Dijanjan (knowledge) , good education (education) , and good education (education) . Finally, the phrase "teaching" as a term for education lacks its synonym, after all Islamic scholars know the term tarbiyyah or tarbiyyah , sehaha often uses the term tarbiyyah. If you say "Rabba-Yurobby-Tarbyathan" these words will answer you. [3]  
Although the definition of education is not clearly given in the Qur'an, several verses can be found indicating the direction of education as mentioned in QS 17/Al-Isra. 12:00 p.m.

"

And courageously bow before them and say: "Lord, have mercy on both of them, for they brought me up for a short time." (Isra, 24) [4]

Based on this verse, al-Tarbiyyah can be understood to be the process of raising children at the beginning of human growth because from the moment a child is born, the world knows nothing. That is why it is very difficult to educate children to demand that the direction of their feeding be kept to the south.

According to Frederic J. Mc. Donald, in his book Educational Psychology , shows that education, as used here, is a process or activity intended to bring about a desired change in people's behavior. Education, in the sense discussed here, is a process or activity that demonstrates the desired process of changing human behavior. [5]

According to Nelson B. Henry , education is a process of increasing one's abilities and skills through good habits. [6] That is, the formation is a process in which the promotion of siyarung can affect the good skin.

Education can be roughly assumed to be a consciously and intentionally undertaken activity or effort to provide both physical and spiritual guidance through the inculcation of Islamic values, a masculine activity. If you don't act, don't think that a noble character confirms the constitution of a person of noble character.

definition of ethics

Etymologically, the definition of ethics can be interpreted as character, character and character. [7] The word morality derives from the Arabic plural of khulugun ( people ), which according to Lughot is defined as character, temperament, character, or nature.

According to Rahmat Jatnika, the concept of morality can be divided into two types . Empty ق ) بنق جماق from mufrod nipple ( خلق ) meaning manners. Ethics and morality are synonymous. Ethics comes from the Latin ethos , which means custom. Morality also comes from the Latin mores , which also means accumulation. Before menu terminology, the word character is made up of the words "moral" and "moral". The mind is what exists in man, resting on consciousness, energized by thought, with correlations that freeze character. Character is what appears in people because they are guided by the feelings of the heart, which is called conduct. Thus, character is a reflection of the results of attitudes and feelings that manifest in intention and disdain for human behavior. [8th]

According to Abuddin Nata, morality is right action with and without punishment, but that action is ingrained and rooted in the soul, so actions become unfocused and unfocused in actions. [9]

According to Elisabeth B. Für Hurlock , the behavior can be called "true morality". not only according to social norms, but also on a voluntary basis, accompanied by a transition from external to internal power and consisting of internally regulated behavior. [10] Means Behavior can be seen as a true morality, but not only according to the standards of society, but also with pleasure, behavior can be performed by going beyond the authority (orang yang di luda) of the people who rule life.

Imam Ghazali's definition of morality is as follows:

Al-Khalq is a word about the body in the soul, it is easy to express his actions, and it is easy to give up on him. [eleven]

This morality is a quality embedded in the soul that quickly kicks in from Dinandiya without the embedded (first) nature of Nekudu.

From this definition it can be seen that the essence of morality according to al-Ghazali involves Sharat prayer. First you have to fix the behavior, you have to repeat it in the same way so that it becomes a habit. Second, the plot should easily unfold without thought or deliberation, i.e. not due to pressure, coercion, or even good influences and beliefs, etc. from other persons.

According to him, morality is not the knowledge of good and evil , nor good and evil, but money is good and evil, but the state of the soul is constant (end). - myself) . [12]

Moral justice is a term used by Al-Ghazali. Hence, we often like tuptu passantana, the "generosity" of a "despicable character". It must be understood that in Al-Ghazali's morality, external action cannot strictly define good and evil. So the sincerity of a person can be considered a cult, but is the transaction honest or not? However, charity can be a good or bad deed.

Thus it can be understood that morality is a human attitude or will backed by a right intention in the soul based on Al-Qur'an and Al-Hadith found in the fruits of works or Mubibiyah. The soul of a rogue soul is made up of good deeds and habits, so it has commendable morals. Similarly, when referring to a cycle of bad actions and habits, lang refers to abominable manners.  

understand educational ethics

Having separately explained the definition of education and the concept of morality, it can be concluded that moral education is education on the foundations of morality and the foundations of vertita perengai, the qualities that morality should have, then it can be interpreted that the formation traverses the ocean of Heidavan; It grows and expands based on the belief in his training: always be strong, remember the speed, help him and work for him so that he has potential and an instinctive and compassionate response. This is the best option for that. [13]

Or actions done consciously and intentionally to provide guidance through Islamic values, moral development, physical development, and positive changes, both physical and mental, to bring about positive change, yangasipansairdanh, positive change, sincere activity, generosity. virtuous character who graciously accepts people with noble morals who can lead to actions or fillers without thinking and tawana without consideration and fukkanhi there is none and karenga there is none and karenga must be repeated constantly (constantly). Repeat to make it a habit.  

PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS AND EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

TO Fundamentals of Moral Education

The basis of moral education is the Qur'an and al-Hadith, since morality is a moral system based on Islamic teachings. Al-Qur'an and al-Hadith explain the good and bad standards of action as a guide for Muslim life. Al-Qur'an as the moral basis of Rasulullah's goodness as a model for all mankind. then all Muslims as followers of the Prophet, as a model for all mankind, as Allah's provisions in QS 33/Al-Ahzab. 21:00

Indeed, there is a good example (in life) of the Prophet for you (especially) for those who expect (mercy) from Allah (the Coming) of the Day of Resurrection, and he eats a lot from Allah. (Azab, 21) [14]

Based on the above verse, it is explained that in the life of Rasulullah SAW there are good manners, honesty and nobility. Also QS 68/al-Qalam . 4:

وَاِنَّكَ لَعَلی خُلُقٍ عَظِيْمٍ. ( القلم: :4)

And indeed you are a noble and virtuous character. (pen, 4) [fifteen]

That in this verse Prophet Muhammad is the one with great morals (honest).

The hadith also mentions how important morality is in a person's life. Even sending the messenger is within the framework of the principle of good morals, as the words of the Prophet Muhammad say:

"عن عبد الله حد ثي عبي سعيدبن بن مسور" said باحت لا تمم صليه الاخلاق (Narrated by Ahmed) [sixteen]

Narrated by Abi Said bin Mansur by Abi Said bin Mansur Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad on behalf of Muhammad bin Iqlan on behalf of Gogo on behalf of bin Hakim on behalf of Abi Salih on behalf of Abi Hurayro that Rasulullah said: (HR Ahmad)

Based on the above hadith, it makes clear the importance of moral education in human life, which means that moral education that is imparted and passed on to people will surely produce other people: people who are people, people who are people. . People who understand, people who understand, people who understand, people who have true ideals and high morals, know the meaning of binding and legal, respect human rights, know the difference between good and evil, choose a fadhila for love of fadhilah, avoid loving, avoid knowing, avoid, avoid, avoid. 

b. The purpose of moral education

The main objective of Islamic education is the education of character and the development of the soul. The education of students must include moral lessons. Every educator should think about morality first before thinking about religious morality because religious morality is the highest morality while morality is the highest morality in Islam.

For educational purposes, morality can be divided into sentences, namely:

1. General purpose

According to Barnawi Umari, the general objectives of ethics education include: 

1. Getting used to doing the good, beautiful, noble and commendable things, and avoiding the bad, the ugly, the despicable and the despicable. 
2. So that our relationship with Allah SWT and other human beings is always well cared for and harmonious. [17]

According to Ali Hasan, the main purpose of morality is for everyone to be virtuous (moral), behave (characteristically) in good manners or in accordance with ethics or Islamic teachings. [18] 

2) special purpose

As for education, morality has a purpose.

1. Formation of noble character and good culture of the skin. 
2. Strengthen the sense of religion in students, to know their noble morals and their low moral shocks. 
3. Teach students to be willing, optimistic, confident, emotional, resilient, and patient. 
4. Steer students in a healthy direction and be able to establish good social relationships, asking for heresy for others, loving mebangol, loving lekha, and respecting others. 
5. Teach students courtesy, understanding and understanding in and out of school. 
6. Always be steadfast in worship and draw near to Allah and do good deeds. [19]

According to Muhammad Atiyah Al-Abrasi, the purpose of moral education in Islam is to produce people who have good morals, who are diligent, educated in speech, educated in speech, educated in speech. and noble in conduct and temper, courteous and brave in temper. , noble saint. Civa of Islamic education is moral and ethical education. [twenty]

Ahmad Amin also explained that the purpose of moral (ethical) education is not just to strengthen understanding or theory, even half of this purpose is our Beluha and Uduka Wailang so that we live a holy and kemema life according to our Vilanan, therefore, the Huvid is sacred. and embalming. then morality is a simple slander to do good, but not always condemned if it disobeys human sanctity. [twenty-one]  

THE ETHICAL FRAMEWORK OF EDUCATION

Muhammad Daoud Ali explained that the most important aspect of the morality of prayer is firstly morality towards Allah/creation (the Creator) and secondly morality towards creation (Allah's creation). [22] And the moral education space includes:

TO Manners Against Allah SWT  

Manners towards Allah SWT can be interpreted as a respectful attitude/action of human beings as creatures towards God who is Khaliq.

There are at least four reasons why people should be moral toward God. 

1. Because Allah created man and created man in the air springing from bone and soft bone. (Sarik, 5-7). In another verse, Allah says that man was created from dust, which was then transformed into seeds, which are stored in a large place (womb) after becoming blood vessels, meat, bones, and bones. (Letters of the Faithful, 12-13)  
2. Because it is Allah who gave the five senses, the senses of sight, sight, reason, mind and heart. This member is a beautiful and perfect person.  
3. Because it is God who has provided the various materials and facilities necessary for human survival, such as food for plants, water, air, animals and livestock, etc. (Sal Yasya, 12-13)  
4. It is Allah who has glorified people with the ability to rule the land and the sea. (Isra, 70) [23]  

There are many ways that people can be moral towards Allah, including submission and taawaduk towards Allah, because Allah created people to be moral towards Him by worshiping Him as Allah SWT as Allah SWT. 56 :

And I (Allah) did not create jinn and humans except for their stupa to worship me. (QS az-Zariyat, 56) [24]

Morality towards Allah has two dimensions.

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